The generalised partition function : Introductory video

Before watching the video read the questions below. As you watch the video try to answer them

Questions

    • How is the average energy, $\langle E \rangle$, calculated from the probabilities of being in the various microstates $P_i$ and the energies of the various microstates $P_i$
    • Explain what two types of constraints are introduced on extensive thermodynamic variables when constructing thermodynamic states from the various microstates in phase space.
    • Complete the following sentence: We can determine the probability of being in any given microstate by...
    • Write down the function for which we are finding the constrained minimum and the two constraints on this function
    • Write down the extended function whose unconstrained optimum is found in order to find the required constrained optimum.
    • Write down the partial derivative of the function you have just written down with respect to $P_j$.
    • Explain why the derivative of $f =\sum_i P_i$ with respect to $P_j$ is equal to one.
    • Give an expression for the derivative of $g = \sum_i \lambda B_i P_i$ with respect to $P_j$.
    • Give an expression for the derivative of $h = \sum_i P_i \ln P_i$ with respect to $P_j$.
    • Explain (by making reference to the results that you have written down to the previous questions) why the probability of being in a microstate is given by: $ P_j = \frac{ e^{-\sum_k \lambda_k B_j^{(k)}} }{e^{\Psi}}$
    • Give an expression for the generalised partition function and explain how this is derived.